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Comparison of Statistics and Basics
|
|
Islam |
Judaism |
Christianity |
|
adherents called |
Muslims |
Jews |
Christians |
|
current adherents |
1.3 billion |
14 million |
2 billion |
|
current size rank |
2nd largest |
12th largest |
largest |
| major concentration |
Middle East, Southeast Asia |
Israel, Europe, USA |
Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in Africa |
| sacred text |
Qur’an (Koran) |
Bible |
Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament) |
| other written authority |
Hadith |
Talmud, Midrash, Responsa |
church fathers, church councils, papal decrees (Catholic only) |
| religious law |
Sharia |
Halakhah |
Canon Law |
| clergy |
imams |
rabbis |
priests, ministers, pastors, bishops |
| house of worship |
mosque |
synagogue |
church, chapel, cathedral |
| main day of worship |
Friday |
Saturday |
Sunday |
| church and state |
integrated |
separate |
separate |
Comparison of Origins and History
|
|
Islam |
Judaism |
Christianity |
|
date founded |
622 CE |
unknown |
c. 33 CE |
|
place founded |
Saudi Arabia |
Palestine (def) |
Palestine |
|
founder |
Muhammad |
Moses or Abraham |
Jesus |
|
original language(s) |
Arabic |
Hebrew |
Aramaic, Greek |
|
early expansion |
within 12 years, entire Arabian peninsula; within 100 years, Muslim world stretched from the Atlantic to China |
little expansion; mostly confined to Palestine |
within 60 years, churches in major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome (map); entire Roman Empire by end of 4th cent. |
|
major splits |
Shia/Sunni, c. 650 CE |
Reform/Orthodox, 1800s CE |
Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE; Catholic/Protestant, 1500s CE |
Comparison of Religious Beliefs
|
|
Islam |
Judaism |
Christianity |
| type of theism |
strict monotheism |
strict monotheism |
Trinitarian monotheism |
|
ultimate reality |
one God |
one God |
one God |
|
names of God |
Allah (Arabic for God) |
Yahweh, Elohim |
Yahweh, the Holy Trinity |
| other spiritual beings |
angels, demons, jinn |
angels and demons |
angels and demons |
| revered humans |
prophets, imams (especially in Shia) |
prophets |
saints, church fathers |
| identity of Jesus |
true prophet of God, whose message has been corrupted |
false prophet |
Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world |
| birth of Jesus |
virgin birth |
normal birth |
virgin birth |
| death of Jesus |
did not die, but ascended into heaven during crucifixion |
death by crucifixion |
death by crucifixion |
| resurrection of Jesus |
denied |
denied |
affirmed |
| second coming of Jesus |
affirmed |
denied |
affirmed |
| divine revelation |
through Muhammad, recorded in Qur’an |
through Prophets, recorded in Bible |
through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself), recorded in Bible |
| view of sacred text |
inspired, literal word of God, inerrant in original languages |
views vary |
inspired, some believe inerrant in original languages |
| human nature |
equal ability to do good or evil |
two equal impulses, one good and one bad |
“original sin” inherited from Adam - tendency towards evil |
| means of salvation |
correct belief, good deeds, Five Pillars |
belief in God, good deeds |
correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments (some Protestants emphasize faith alone) |
| God’s role in salvation |
predestination |
divine revelation and forgiveness |
predestination, various forms of grace |
| good afterlife |
eternal paradise |
views vary: either heaven or no afterlife |
eternal heaven |
| bad afterlife |
eternal hell |
views vary: either eternal Gehenna, reincarnation, or no afterlife |
eternal hell, temporary purgatory (Catholicism) |
| view of fellow Abrahamic religions |
Jews and Christians are respected as “People of the Book,” but they have wrong beliefs and only partial revelation. |
Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism. |
Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion. |
Tables courtesy of www.religionfacts.com.
This is very obviously a highly simplified summary and I’ve posted it just to show how very similar the views of three of the largest and most successful religions of the world are. I think it’s safe for me to say that one of Bill’s aims here at Friendly Christian is to strip away much of the nonsense of religion and to focus on the core lessons that can be gleaned from faith in a higher power. I would ask that you spend a few moments looking over these tables and then ask yourself if you are so different from your neighbours on this Earth.
Even I, who hold to none of these religious beliefs, can see how closely we are linked. My wish for the New Year is that we can all work together to bridge the gap and build a better future for our planet. What’s your New Year wish?
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The other day I was watching a televangelist (entertainment purposes). I quickly realized that this dude, a prosperity preacher, was talking trash about preachers who don’t preach prosperity. “Ridiculous,” I thought to myself. Then I thought back to all the times that my favorite preachers have done the exact same thing - given their sarcastic two cents about the prosperity preachers.